drug_name event_name drug_id event_id drug_and_event_name
butalbital Dysphagia 1139699 31317 butalbital & Dysphagia 
## Chronograph ##

## Basic demographioc table##
1: DEC cohort n Percentage 2: Drug cohort n Percentage 3: Event cohort n Percentage 4: All drugs cohort n Percentage
Total 112 100 Total 1000 100 Total 919 100 Total 1000 100
Sex gender = FEMALE 65 58 Sex gender = FEMALE 608 61 Sex gender = FEMALE 509 55 Sex gender = FEMALE 583 58
gender = MALE 47 42 gender = MALE 392 39 gender = MALE 410 45 gender = MALE 417 42
Age (0,20] 0 0 Age (0,20] 0 0 Age (0,20] 0 0 Age (0,20] 0 0
(20,30] 2 2 (20,30] 6 1 (20,30] 4 0 (20,30] 2 0
(30,40] 5 4 (30,40] 23 2 (30,40] 16 2 (30,40] 15 2
(40,50] 4 4 (40,50] 45 4 (40,50] 32 3 (40,50] 35 4
(50,60] 9 8 (50,60] 73 7 (50,60] 55 6 (50,60] 73 7
(60,70] 27 24 (60,70] 227 23 (60,70] 189 21 (60,70] 244 24
(70,80] 31 28 (70,80] 342 34 (70,80] 346 38 (70,80] 363 36
(80,90] 22 20 (80,90] 219 22 (80,90] 210 23 (80,90] 218 22
(90,110] 12 11 (90,110] 65 6 (90,110] 67 7 (90,110] 50 5
Median 72 IQR=(67, 82) Median 74 IQR=(67, 82) Median 75 IQR=(68, 82) Median 73 IQR=(68, 81) 
## Gender distribution ##
## DEC vs. drug ##
Characteristic % (n = 112) % (n = 1,000) Std.Diff Characteristic % (n = 112) % (n = 1,000) Std.Diff
Age group Viral hepatitis C 4.5 1.9 -0.15
25 - 29 1.8 0.6 -0.11 Visual system disorder 47.3 36.0 -0.23
30 - 34 2.7 0.7 -0.15 Medical history: Cardiovascular disease
35 - 39 1.8 1.2 -0.05 Atrial fibrillation 36.6 28.4 -0.18
40 - 44 0 1.7 0.19 Cerebrovascular disease 17.9 10.3 -0.22
45 - 49 3.6 2.7 -0.05 Coronary arteriosclerosis 57.1 31.4 -0.54
50 - 54 3.6 2.2 -0.08 Heart disease 83.0 61.6 -0.49
55 - 59 4.5 4.1 -0.02 Heart failure 47.3 28.3 -0.40
60 - 64 2.7 5.2 0.13 Ischemic heart disease 24.1 14.9 -0.23
65 - 69 16.1 15.8 -0.01 Peripheral vascular disease 50.9 29.9 -0.44
70 - 74 19.6 18.0 -0.04 Pulmonary embolism 4.5 2.5 -0.11
75 - 79 12.5 15.5 0.09 Venous thrombosis 12.5 8.1 -0.15
80 - 84 13.4 14.7 0.04 Medical history: Neoplasms
85 - 89 7.1 9.0 0.07 Hematologic neoplasm 20.5 9.2 -0.32
90 - 94 5.4 4.8 -0.03 Malignant lymphoma 4.5 4.4 0.00
95 - 99 5.4 3.3 -0.10 Malignant neoplasm of anorectum 3.6 1.1 -0.16
100 - 104 0 0.5 0.10 Malignant neoplastic disease 43.8 26.5 -0.37
Gender: female 58.0 60.8 0.06 Malignant tumor of breast 6.2 3.6 -0.12
Medical history: General Malignant tumor of colon 5.4 3.6 -0.09
Acute respiratory disease 36.6 22.1 -0.32 Malignant tumor of lung 8.0 3.4 -0.20
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 0.9 0.8 -0.01 Malignant tumor of urinary bladder 3.6 3.0 -0.03
Chronic liver disease 6.2 2.6 -0.18 Medication use
Chronic obstructive lung disease 21.4 10.6 -0.30 Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system 74.1 72.0 -0.05
Crohn’s disease 0.9 0.6 -0.03 Antibacterials for systemic use 63.4 55.3 -0.17
Dementia 27.7 12.5 -0.39 Antidepressants 67.0 63.9 -0.06
Depressive disorder 19.6 12.5 -0.20 Antiepileptics 45.5 39.9 -0.11
Diabetes mellitus 75.9 56.5 -0.42 Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products 32.1 38.8 0.14
Gastroesophageal reflux disease 19.6 17.2 -0.06 Antineoplastic agents 13.4 12.8 -0.02
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage 8.9 6.4 -0.10 Antipsoriatics 0 0.7 0.12
Human immunodeficiency virus infection 0 0.8 0.13 Antithrombotic agents 70.5 68.2 -0.05
Hyperlipidemia 28.6 25.5 -0.07 Beta blocking agents 70.5 64.1 -0.14
Hypertensive disorder 5.4 5.7 0.02 Calcium channel blockers 52.7 53.6 0.02
Lesion of liver 7.1 4.5 -0.11 Diuretics 69.6 71.7 0.05
Obesity 8.0 6.1 -0.08 Drugs for acid related disorders 59.8 49.6 -0.21
Osteoarthritis 65.2 40.5 -0.51 Drugs for obstructive airway diseases 44.6 41.8 -0.06
Pneumonia 11.6 5.9 -0.20 Drugs used in diabetes 64.3 57.6 -0.14
Psoriasis 0.9 1.7 0.07 Immunosuppressants 4.5 6.9 0.11
Renal impairment 35.7 26.3 -0.20 Lipid modifying agents 69.6 76.3 0.15
Rheumatoid arthritis 6.2 6.0 -0.01 Opioids 46.4 35.4 -0.23
Schizophrenia 17.0 8.8 -0.25 Psycholeptics 60.7 56.9 -0.08
Ulcerative colitis 0 0.4 0.09 Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics 94.6 92.1 -0.10
Urinary tract infectious disease 33.9 24.2 -0.22 
## Event vs. All ##
Characteristic % (n = 919) % (n = 1,000) Std.Diff Characteristic % (n = 919) % (n = 1,000) Std.Diff
Age group Viral hepatitis C 2.7 2.1 -0.04
25 - 29 0.4 0.2 -0.04 Visual system disorder 52.4 35.7 -0.34
30 - 34 0.5 0.4 -0.02 Medical history: Cardiovascular disease
35 - 39 1.0 0.9 -0.01 Atrial fibrillation 41.6 25.2 -0.35
40 - 44 1.1 1.4 0.03 Cerebrovascular disease 16.3 8.4 -0.24
45 - 49 2.2 1.7 -0.03 Coronary arteriosclerosis 47.4 27.9 -0.41
50 - 54 2.4 1.6 -0.06 Heart disease 81.2 56.1 -0.56
55 - 59 3.4 5.7 0.11 Heart failure 40.2 21.9 -0.40
60 - 64 3.9 4.2 0.01 Ischemic heart disease 24.3 14.0 -0.26
65 - 69 14.4 15.6 0.03 Peripheral vascular disease 44.9 25.2 -0.42
70 - 74 19.2 22.1 0.07 Pulmonary embolism 4.0 2.1 -0.11
75 - 79 18.0 16.7 -0.03 Venous thrombosis 13.5 6.7 -0.23
80 - 84 15.2 12.4 -0.08 Medical history: Neoplasms
85 - 89 9.1 9.9 0.03 Hematologic neoplasm 16.6 7.6 -0.28
90 - 94 4.9 4.2 -0.03 Malignant lymphoma 7.0 3.7 -0.15
95 - 99 3.6 2.5 -0.06 Malignant neoplasm of anorectum 2.1 1.4 -0.05
100 - 104 0.8 0.5 -0.03 Malignant neoplastic disease 43.4 24.6 -0.41
Gender: female 55.4 58.3 0.06 Malignant tumor of breast 4.4 3.0 -0.07
Medical history: General Malignant tumor of colon 5.8 2.6 -0.16
Acute respiratory disease 32.5 17.6 -0.35 Malignant tumor of lung 5.1 2.8 -0.12
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 0.8 0.1 -0.10 Malignant tumor of urinary bladder 4.0 1.5 -0.15
Chronic liver disease 4.4 3.4 -0.05 Medication use
Chronic obstructive lung disease 14.4 7.9 -0.21 Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system 44.6 0 -1.27
Crohn’s disease 1.7 0.5 -0.12 Antibacterials for systemic use 40.2 0 -1.16
Dementia 19.5 11.3 -0.23 Antidepressants 42.0 0 -1.20
Depressive disorder 12.3 8.0 -0.14 Antiepileptics 23.9 0 -0.79
Diabetes mellitus 72.0 49.5 -0.47 Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products 21.5 0 -0.74
Gastroesophageal reflux disease 27.2 14.0 -0.33 Antineoplastic agents 12.1 0 -0.52
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage 11.2 6.8 -0.15 Antipsoriatics 0.3 0 -0.08
Human immunodeficiency virus infection 0.5 0.3 -0.04 Antithrombotic agents 37.0 0 -1.08
Hyperlipidemia 35.9 23.3 -0.28 Beta blocking agents 41.8 0 -1.20
Hypertensive disorder 7.3 3.5 -0.17 Calcium channel blockers 35.1 0 -1.04
Lesion of liver 5.7 3.9 -0.08 Diuretics 44.8 0 -1.27
Obesity 7.4 5.3 -0.09 Drugs for acid related disorders 29.7 0 -0.92
Osteoarthritis 55.1 38.4 -0.34 Drugs for obstructive airway diseases 26.4 0 -0.85
Pneumonia 10.6 5.7 -0.18 Drugs used in diabetes 37.2 0 -1.09
Psoriasis 1.8 1.3 -0.04 Immunosuppressants 4.5 0 -0.31
Renal impairment 36.0 19.8 -0.37 Lipid modifying agents 44.1 0 -1.26
Rheumatoid arthritis 8.3 6.0 -0.09 Opioids 30.6 0 -0.94
Schizophrenia 7.9 3.8 -0.18 Psycholeptics 39.9 0 -1.15
Ulcerative colitis 0.2 0.2 0.00 Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics 10.9 0 -0.49
Urinary tract infectious disease 36.8 18.8 -0.41 
## Drug vs. All ##
Characteristic % (n = 919) % (n = 1,000) Std.Diff Characteristic % (n = 919) % (n = 1,000) Std.Diff
Age group Viral hepatitis C 2.7 2.1 -0.04
25 - 29 0.4 0.2 -0.04 Visual system disorder 52.4 35.7 -0.34
30 - 34 0.5 0.4 -0.02 Medical history: Cardiovascular disease
35 - 39 1.0 0.9 -0.01 Atrial fibrillation 41.6 25.2 -0.35
40 - 44 1.1 1.4 0.03 Cerebrovascular disease 16.3 8.4 -0.24
45 - 49 2.2 1.7 -0.03 Coronary arteriosclerosis 47.4 27.9 -0.41
50 - 54 2.4 1.6 -0.06 Heart disease 81.2 56.1 -0.56
55 - 59 3.4 5.7 0.11 Heart failure 40.2 21.9 -0.40
60 - 64 3.9 4.2 0.01 Ischemic heart disease 24.3 14.0 -0.26
65 - 69 14.4 15.6 0.03 Peripheral vascular disease 44.9 25.2 -0.42
70 - 74 19.2 22.1 0.07 Pulmonary embolism 4.0 2.1 -0.11
75 - 79 18.0 16.7 -0.03 Venous thrombosis 13.5 6.7 -0.23
80 - 84 15.2 12.4 -0.08 Medical history: Neoplasms
85 - 89 9.1 9.9 0.03 Hematologic neoplasm 16.6 7.6 -0.28
90 - 94 4.9 4.2 -0.03 Malignant lymphoma 7.0 3.7 -0.15
95 - 99 3.6 2.5 -0.06 Malignant neoplasm of anorectum 2.1 1.4 -0.05
100 - 104 0.8 0.5 -0.03 Malignant neoplastic disease 43.4 24.6 -0.41
Gender: female 55.4 58.3 0.06 Malignant tumor of breast 4.4 3.0 -0.07
Medical history: General Malignant tumor of colon 5.8 2.6 -0.16
Acute respiratory disease 32.5 17.6 -0.35 Malignant tumor of lung 5.1 2.8 -0.12
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 0.8 0.1 -0.10 Malignant tumor of urinary bladder 4.0 1.5 -0.15
Chronic liver disease 4.4 3.4 -0.05 Medication use
Chronic obstructive lung disease 14.4 7.9 -0.21 Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system 44.6 0 -1.27
Crohn’s disease 1.7 0.5 -0.12 Antibacterials for systemic use 40.2 0 -1.16
Dementia 19.5 11.3 -0.23 Antidepressants 42.0 0 -1.20
Depressive disorder 12.3 8.0 -0.14 Antiepileptics 23.9 0 -0.79
Diabetes mellitus 72.0 49.5 -0.47 Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products 21.5 0 -0.74
Gastroesophageal reflux disease 27.2 14.0 -0.33 Antineoplastic agents 12.1 0 -0.52
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage 11.2 6.8 -0.15 Antipsoriatics 0.3 0 -0.08
Human immunodeficiency virus infection 0.5 0.3 -0.04 Antithrombotic agents 37.0 0 -1.08
Hyperlipidemia 35.9 23.3 -0.28 Beta blocking agents 41.8 0 -1.20
Hypertensive disorder 7.3 3.5 -0.17 Calcium channel blockers 35.1 0 -1.04
Lesion of liver 5.7 3.9 -0.08 Diuretics 44.8 0 -1.27
Obesity 7.4 5.3 -0.09 Drugs for acid related disorders 29.7 0 -0.92
Osteoarthritis 55.1 38.4 -0.34 Drugs for obstructive airway diseases 26.4 0 -0.85
Pneumonia 10.6 5.7 -0.18 Drugs used in diabetes 37.2 0 -1.09
Psoriasis 1.8 1.3 -0.04 Immunosuppressants 4.5 0 -0.31
Renal impairment 36.0 19.8 -0.37 Lipid modifying agents 44.1 0 -1.26
Rheumatoid arthritis 8.3 6.0 -0.09 Opioids 30.6 0 -0.94
Schizophrenia 7.9 3.8 -0.18 Psycholeptics 39.9 0 -1.15
Ulcerative colitis 0.2 0.2 0.00 Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics 10.9 0 -0.49
Urinary tract infectious disease 36.8 18.8 -0.41 
## Top drugs and conditions for DEC ##
drugs_180_days n_180_days
antithrombotic agents 158
beta blocking agents 158
analgesics 112
nervous system 112
other analgesics and antipyretics 112
psychoanaleptics 110
cardiovascular system 108
caffeine 106
psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics 106
xanthine derivatives 106
alimentary tract and metabolism 102
antiepileptics 102
respiratory system 99
acetaminophen 95
anilides 95
systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins 94
stomatological preparations 90
blood and blood forming organs 89
antihistamines for systemic use 86
agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system 83
ophthalmologicals 81
sensory organs 81
diuretics 78
lipid modifying agents 78
lipid modifying agents, plain 78
cond_180_days n_180_days
inflammation of specific body systems 99
heart disease 93
inflammation of specific body organs 93
pain 92
pain finding at anatomical site 92
arthropathy 89
vascular disorder 89
soft tissue lesion 87
diabetes mellitus 85
measurement finding outside reference range 81
type 2 diabetes mellitus 80
structural disorder of heart 76
pain of truncal structure 74
degenerative disorder of musculoskeletal system 73
osteoarthritis 73
arteriosclerotic vascular disease 72
neoplastic disease 69
abnormal blood cell count 67
cardiac arrhythmia 66
measurement finding below reference range 66
skin or mucosa lesion 66
coronary arteriosclerosis 64
hemoglobin level outside reference range 63
hemoglobin low 63
rbc count abnormal 63